Kako da internet bude bezbedniji našoj deci?
Na internetu se lako dolazi do sadržaja koji su neprikladni dečjem uzrastu. Postavlja se pitanje kako da internet bude bezbedniji za našu decu.
Kada sam ukucao gorenavedeni naslov radi istraživanja na Guglu, dobio sam oko 112 000 000 rezultata za 0,39 sekundi. Nije li ta mogućnost gotovo neverovatna?! Mogućnost učenja, dopisivanje sa prijateljima i rodbinom najbržom mogućom poštom koja je ikada postojala. Mogućnost razgledanja virtuelnih muzeja i galerija, istorijskih mesta, korišćenje enciklopedija kao što je Vikipedija i bezbroj drugih sličnih povoljnosti nam olakšavaju život i povećavaju kvalitet samog života. Međutim, postoji i ona druga strana medalje.
Na internetu se lako dolazi do sadržaja koji su neprikladni dečjem uzrastu, počevši od pornografije, zastrašujućih fotografija nasilja, mržnje na nekim sajtovima, forumima, pa sve do netačnih podataka. Deci je internet svakodnevica i služi im mnogo u sticanju novih znanja i veština. Svakako da ga najviše koriste za komunikaciju i zabavu, kao i pri izradi školskih projekata i domaćih zadataka. Često preuzimaju informacije i sadržaje preko pretraživača kao Google i Bing, razmenjuju slike, video-zapise preko veb-sajtova ili mobilnih aplikacija kao što su Instagram, Pinterest, Vine i YouTube, koriste socijalne mreže kao što su Facebook i Twitter, pišu ili repliciraju na raznim forumima, igraju onlajn igrice – sami ili sa drugima, četuju preko socijalnih mreža, BBM-a (Blackberry Messenger) ili alatke kao što je WhatsApp. Ali potencijalne opasnosti koje vrebaju sa interneta mogu se odraziti i na dečju privatnost i ličnu bezbednost, pa čak i na bezbednost cele porodice.

Može se desiti da dete naivno prihvati i podeli fajl koji će celu porodicu izložiti opasnosti od sajber-lopova, sajber-nasilnika. Lako mogu ostvariti kontakt sa predatorima koji se predstavljaju kao vršnjaci ili starije osobe koje ulivaju samopouzdanje i mogu da ih nagovore da se sretnu uživo. Najopasnije je svakako za decu o kojoj se slabo brinu roditelji i okruženje ili se uopšte i ne brinu. Zato je bitno da shvatimo opasnost od potencijalnog rizika izlaganja dece internetu bez kontrole.
Deci je potrebna zaštita. A ta zaštita nije zabrana da koriste internet. Ne! Mere strogih zabrana na računarima i telefonima novih generacija ne doprinose sigurnosti na duže vreme. Deca mogu uvek doći do mesta gde mogu da koriste internet. Zato je bitno da sa njima gradimo odnos poverenja, razumevanja, ljubavi, tolerancije od najranijeg perioda života i da ih naučimo šta je opasno, a šta ne. Naravno, u saglasnosti sa uzrastom, njihovom ličnošću i uslovima u kojima žive.
Evo nekih od načina zaštite koje roditelji treba da primenjuju:
Korak br. 1 – Edukacija
Pre nego što roditelji razgraniče opasnosti na internetu, prvo se moraju upoznati sa interesovanjima deteta, kao i osnovnim pojmovima kojima se opisuju karakteristike interneta, servisima, mogućnostima u korišćenju i sl., a to su Internet, World Wide Web (www), Web Page (veb-strana), Website (veb-sajt), Browser (pretraživač), E-mail (elektronska pošta), SPAM (neželjeni mejl), Chat room (soba za ćaskanje), Social Networking Site (sajt za socijalno umrežavanje) itd. Takođe je bitno da roditelji razumeju jezik kojim se deca služe na internetu. Ne moraju ga detaljno istraživati, ali neke osnovne izraze svakako da treba da znaju, kao što su LOL – Laughing out loud (glasno smejanje), JK – Just kidding (samo se šalim), PIR – Parent in room (roditelj u sobi), MIRL – Meet in real life (da se zaista sretnemo) i sl., kao i simbole kojima se izražavaju različite emocije (J – osmeh; : D – glasno smejanje; L – tuga, ljutnja). Na osnovu ovoga roditelji mogu da imaju jasniju sliku o aktivnostima svoje dece.

Korak br. 2 – Često razgovarati sa decom
Mnogo je važno da roditelji razgovaraju sa decom na ovu temu, da razmenjuju mišljenje što češće, kako bi ih upoznali sa tim šta valja činiti, a šta ne. Kako deca rastu, a tehnologija se usavršava, trebalo bi da se ova praksa očuva i da nastavi da se primenjuje.

Korak br. 3 – Postavljanje osnovnih pravila
Deci treba da date do znanja u kojim uslovima, periodima i na koje načine mogu da koriste internet. Na primer, početi sa pravilom koje kaže da se internet može koristiti samo kada su školske obaveze obavljene, ali i druge a koje su važne za to dete i tu porodicu.

Korak br. 4 – Računar na centralnom mestu u kući
Ova mera može da bude od koristi zato što dete koje je u stalnoj interakciji sa drugima iz kuće sigurno više obraća pažnju na to kakve sadržaje otvara. Ovde je i mogućnost brze konsultacije ukoliko je dete u nekoj neprijatnoj ili sličnoj situaciji. Može da uz blizinu roditelja gradi otvoreno i prijatno korišćenje interneta. Tako izgrađuju poverenje, zajedno istražuju itd.

Korak br. 5 – Naučiti decu da se bezbedno i odgovorno ponašaju na internetu
Decu treba da naučimo da se odgovorno odnose prema internet uslugama. Treba da na vreme shvate šta je dozvoljeno ponašanje na socijalnim mrežama, zato što oni sa kojima su u kontaktu grade sliku o njihovoj ličnosti. Trebalo bi da imaju u vidu da je preko puta njih uvek neka ličnost sa svojim karakterom, manama i dobrim stranama. Da poštuju druge. Da ne veruju svima, već samo onima sa kojima se lično znaju. Da nikako ne dele lične podatke i šifre sa strancima. Da proveravaju informaciju sa više mesta.

Korak br. 6 – Filtriranje, nadgledanje i kontrola
Najbolji način da se deca zaštite, pogotovo ona ispod deset godina, jeste instaliranje softvera koji beleže ono što je rađeno na računaru, adrese koje su posećivane, sve što je dete kucalo na četu i sl. Najpoznatiji programi koji roditelji mogu instalirati radi filtriranja sadržaja, nadgledanja i kontrole aktivnosti dece su: NetNanny, SentryPC, KidsWatch, Time Sheriff, WebWatcher, itd.
Pogodnosti koje nam pruža internet sigurno da daju i više nego što nam je potrebno, ali svakako moramo da znamo da rizici postoje; zato je bitno da na vreme počnemo da vaspitavamo svoju decu.

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