{"id":16474,"date":"2017-12-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-12-17T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/4-stvari-koje-mozda-niste-znali-o-poteskocama-u-ucenju-kod-dece\/"},"modified":"2023-02-14T16:19:10","modified_gmt":"2023-02-14T16:19:10","slug":"4-stvari-koje-mozda-niste-znali-o-poteskocama-u-ucenju-kod-dece","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/sr\/4-stvari-koje-mozda-niste-znali-o-poteskocama-u-ucenju-kod-dece\/","title":{"rendered":"4 stvari koje mo\u017eda niste znali o pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju kod dece"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kada krenu u \u0161kolu, deca \u010desto dobijaju savet \u201eSamo u\u010di, trudi se i dobi\u0107e\u0161 peticu\u201c. Ipak, \u0161ta kada pojedini u\u010denici ne mogu da savladaju predvi\u0111eni \u0161kolski program i ne posti\u017eu ocene koje bi odgovarale njihovim sposobnostima? Stru\u010dnjaci isti\u010du da se u tim slu\u010dajevima ne radi o lenjosti i neinteligenciji, ve\u0107 ukazuju na postojanje pote\u0161ko\u0107a odnosno smetnji u u\u010denju kod dece i kako one treba da se tretiraju.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pote\u0161ko\u0107e u u\u010denju mogu da ote\u017eavaju usvajanje osnovnih akademskih ve\u0161tina kao \u0161to su \u010ditanje, pisanje i matemati\u010dke radnje ili \u010dak i onih slo\u017eenijih kognitivnih poput organizacije, planiranja vremena, apstraktnog razmi\u0161ljanja, dugoro\u010dnog i kratkoro\u010dnog pam\u0107enja i pa\u017enje. Iz tog razloga pote\u0161ko\u0107e u u\u010denju mogu da ostave posledice ne samo na akademski ve\u0107 i na dru\u0161tveni \u017eivot pojedinca (odnos sa \u010dlanovima porodice, prijateljima i kolegama na poslu).<\/p>\n

Va\u017eno je da se na vreme otkrije da li dete ima pote\u0161ko\u0107e u u\u010denju i savladavanju gradiva, kako bi dobilo potrebnu pomo\u0107 i podr\u0161ku, \u0161to dovodi do ne samo boljeg uspeha u \u0161koli ve\u0107 i u \u017eivotu.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Rani znaci upozorenja mogu da pro\u0111u neopa\u017eeno<\/b><\/h2>\n

Roditelji ne mogu da spre\u010de pote\u0161ko\u0107e u u\u010denju kod svojih mali\u0161ana, smatraju stru\u010dnjaci, jer su predispozicije za njihovu pojavu prisutne i pre ro\u0111enja deteta (nasledni faktor) ili je fetus tokom trudno\u0107e bio izlo\u017een toksinima kao \u0161to je olovo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Znaci pote\u0161ko\u0107a u u\u010denju mogu da se ispolje u pred\u0161kolskom uzrastu, iako ih je u tom periodu lako prevideti, s obzirom na to da deca u\u010de nove stvari tempom kojim njima odgovara i prolaze kroz razli\u010dite faze razvoja. S druge strane, mnogi mali\u0161ani s pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju imaju problem s jednostavnim rimama i pesmicama, brojanjem, prepoznavanjem slova i dana u nedelji, izgovaranjem novih re\u010di i pam\u0107enjem rutinskih, svakodnevnih radnji kao \u0161to je zakop\u010davanje jakne.<\/p>\n

Roditelji moraju da se oslone na ono \u0161to im instinkt govori, jer svoju decu poznaju bolje nego bilo ko drugi. \u010cim posumnjate da va\u0161e dete ima problem sa u\u010denjem, porazgovarajte s njegovim nastavnikom i neka dete obavi potrebno testiranje. \u0160to se smetnja u u\u010denju ranije identifikuje, to dete mo\u017ee pre da dobije pomo\u0107 od strane \u0161kole ili dodatno anga\u017eovanog specijaliste.<\/p>\n

2. Pote\u0161ko\u0107e u u\u010denju nemaju nikakve veze sa inteligencijom<\/b><\/h2>\n

Deca sa pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju neopravdano su etiketirana kao glupa ili lenja, iako su mnoga od njih zapravo natprose\u010dno inteligentna. Kada dete ima pote\u0161ko\u0107e u u\u010denju, to zna\u010di da ono mo\u017ee da u\u010di ali na druga\u010diji na\u010din, \u010demu moraju da se prilagode i nastavnici i roditelji kako bi dete ostvarilo svoj potencijal i napredovalo.<\/p>\n

Skenerski snimci mozga pokazuju da disleksi\u010dna deca uglavnom koriste desnu stranu mozga kada \u010ditaju, umesto levu, koja kontroli\u0161e sposobnost govora, \u010ditanja i pisanja. Kada deca de\u0161ifruju re\u010di, informacija mora du\u017ee da putuje (zdesna nalevo) pre nego \u0161to mogu da je razumeju. To je delimi\u010dno razlog zbog \u010dega disleksi\u010dni mali\u0161ani sporije \u010ditaju. Dete koje pati od ovog poreme\u0107aja uglavnom zastaje pre nego \u0161to pro\u010dita re\u010d, ponavlja prvo slovo vi\u0161e puta, \u201esecka\u201c vi\u0161eslo\u017ene re\u010di na slogove, odvojeno \u010dita re\u010d po re\u010d i ne po\u0161tuje znake interpunkcije. Pojedina disleksi\u010dna deca mogu \u010dak da \u201eprotr\u010de\u201c kroz duga\u010dke re\u010di ali se mu\u010de sa izgovaranjem kratkih kao \u0161to su \u201ena\u201c ili \u201eza\u201c.<\/p>\n

Razlike u na\u010dinu na koji mozak funkcioni\u0161e mogu da uti\u010du na jo\u0161 jedan vid pote\u0161ko\u0107a u u\u010denju poznat kao poreme\u0107aj slu\u0161nog procesuiranja (PSP). Ovaj poreme\u0107aj obuhvata skup simptoma koji se javljaju kod osoba urednog sluha, ali koje imaju pote\u0161ko\u0107e slu\u0161anja zbog na\u010dina na koji mozak obra\u0111uje slu\u0161ne informacije. \u010cak i najjednostavnije instrukcije ova deca te\u0161ko de\u0161ifruju, posebno kada u\u010dionica postane previ\u0161e bu\u010dna.<\/p>\n

3. Pote\u0161ko\u0107e u u\u010denju uti\u010du na \u017eivot u u\u010dionici i van nje<\/b><\/h2>\n

Pote\u0161ko\u0107e u u\u010denju ne nestaju nekom magijom kada \u0161kolsko zvono oglasi kraj poslednjeg \u010dasa. Deca koja \u010ditav dan imaju pote\u0161ko\u0107e da isprate nastavu u \u0161koli mogu agresivno da se pona\u0161aju kod ku\u0107e, budu nervozna ili da se povla\u010de u sebe. Ukoliko ne uspevaju da ostanu organizovana na \u010dasu, isti problem \u0107e nastaviti da ih prati i kada prekora\u010de ku\u0107ni prag.<\/span><\/p>\n

Deci sa pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju mo\u017ee da bude te\u0161ko da zapamte svakodnevne radnje, kao \u0161to je vezivanje pertli. Zbog toga neki roditelji mali\u0161anima daju \u201euraditi\u201c listu za slede\u0107e jutro koja obuhvata radnje koje ve\u0107ina dece izvr\u0161ava automatski, poput \u201eobuj se\u201c, i to tako da dete svaki put ponovi \u0161ta treba da uradi pre nego \u0161to izvede samu radnju. Lista je prikazana u vidu tabele tako da mali\u0161an mo\u017ee lak\u0161e da prati i sam uradi ono \u0161to se od njega tra\u017ei.<\/span><\/p>\n

Va\u0161a o\u010dekivanja treba da budu realisti\u010dna kada je re\u010d o stvarima koje za dete predstavljaju izazov. Ipak, od deteta mo\u017eete vi\u0161e da o\u010dekujete ukoliko ono poka\u017ee snagu i volju da se izbori s problemom. To je jo\u0161 jedan od na\u010dina da podstaknete njegovo samopouzdanje.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Deca sa pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju imaju svetlu budu\u0107nost<\/b><\/h2>\n

Prirodno je da se roditelji ose\u0107aju zabrinuto, iznervirano ili psihi\u010dki klonulo kada se detetu dijagnostikuje ovakav problem. Statistika u tom smislu sigurno ne ide u prilog: 20 odsto dece sa poreme\u0107ajem u u\u010denju napu\u0161ta srednju \u0161kolu, u pore\u0111enju sa osam odsto ostalih u\u010denika, navodi ameri\u010dko Ministarstvo obrazovanja. Skoro polovina svih srednjo\u0161kolaca sa pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju zaostaju tri razreda po znanju iz matematike i sposobnosti \u010ditanja u odnosu na ostale vr\u0161njake.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ipak, stru\u010dnjaci apeluju na roditelje da ne posmatraju sve tako crno. Iako smetnje u u\u010denju ne mogu da se izle\u010de, uz odgovaraju\u0107e metode deca mogu da napreduju i budu uspe\u0161na, ka\u017ee dr Ajhen\u0161tajn.<\/p>\n

Deca sa pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju imaju potencijal da promene svet i urade zna\u010dajne stvari, upravo zbog svog kreativnog, nesvakida\u0161njeg razmi\u0161ljanja. Izazov je odr\u017eati njihovo samopo\u0161tovanje jakim i pomo\u0107i im da prona\u0111u talente koji ih \u010dine jedinstvenim.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"

Copyright: FamVeld<\/p><\/div>\n

Pote\u0161ko\u0107e vs. privremeni problem s u\u010denjem<\/b><\/h2>\n

Pote\u0161ko\u0107a da se savlada gradivo iz odre\u0111enog predmeta ne zna\u010di nu\u017eno da postoji neurolo\u0161ki zasnovan poreme\u0107aj u u\u010denju. Dr Rita Ajhen\u0161tajn, pedijatrijski neuropsiholog, obja\u0161njava kako ove dve stvari mogu da se razlikuju:<\/p>\n

Verovatno se ne radi o pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju ukoliko\u201d\u00a6<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Va\u0161em detetu je dobro i\u0161lo u \u0161koli. Razvod, porodi\u010dni problemi, smrtni slu\u010daj u porodici, maltretiranje od strane vr\u0161njaka ili privikavanje na novu \u0161kolu mogu da prouzrokuju da ina\u010de dobar \u0111ak odjednom po\u010dne da popu\u0161ta u \u0161koli.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Kod va\u0161eg deteta su vidljive prednosti kratkoro\u010dne pomo\u0107i. Dodatna podr\u0161ka od strane nastavnika ili nedeljni sastanci s mentorom poma\u017eu mnogim mali\u0161anima da se izbore s najve\u0107im izazovima.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Va\u0161e dete mo\u017ee da prati slo\u017eene instrukcije. Iako deca s vremena na vreme ne\u0161to zaborave, uglavnom znaju \u0161ta da rade kada im roditelji ili edukatori to ka\u017eu ili poka\u017eu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Verovatno se radi o pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju ako\u201d\u00a6<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Va\u0161e dete ima problem sa radom na \u010dasu od prvog dana. Dete sa pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju ima problem da savlada klju\u010dne akademske ve\u0161tine, od razumevanja pro\u010ditanog do re\u0161avanja zadatka iz matematike.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Va\u0161em detetu ne poma\u017ee rad s mentorom. Ovakvoj deci su potrebne \u010de\u0161\u0107e sesije s posebno obu\u010denim nastavnicima i efikasnije metode u\u010denja da ostanu na dobrom putu.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Va\u0161e dete se ne snalazi s nizom instrukcija. Deci je te\u0161ko da zapamte sve korake kako bi ispratila uputstva.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Kako pomo\u0107i detetu sa pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju<\/b><\/h2>\n

      Pre svega je va\u017eno da se detetu omogu\u0107i da savlada \u0161kolski program koji odgovara njegovim sposobnostima i mogu\u0107nostima, na osnovu individualnog obrazovnog plana koji se u takvim slu\u010dajevima sastavlja pojedina\u010dno za svakog u\u010denika. Ukoliko u\u010denik ima pote\u0161ko\u0107e u u\u010denju, onda se uz posebnu pomo\u0107 stru\u010dnjaka sprovode ve\u017ebe koje bi ubla\u017eile pote\u0161ko\u0107e ili pomo\u0107u kojih bi na druga\u010diji na\u010din usvojio potrebnu ve\u0161tinu. Tako\u0111e, ocenjivanje znanja u \u0161koli treba da se prilagodi detetu bez ka\u017enjavanja za ono \u0161to ne mo\u017ee. U slu\u010daju nedovoljne motivacije, u\u010denicima treba ponuditi zanimljivije, zabavnije na\u010dine u\u010denja, vi\u0161e ih nagra\u0111ivati i pohvaliti njihova postignu\u0107a.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Uz intervenciju, ve\u0107ina dece sa pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju posti\u017ee uspehe, pozitivne pomake u dru\u0161tvenim odnosima i sti\u010de bolje mi\u0161ljenje o sebi. Kada se uo\u010di da dete ima problem, va\u017ena je timska obrada i utvr\u0111ivanje individualnih potreba deteta. U dana\u0161nje vreme u mnogim \u0161kolama sa nastavnicima sara\u0111uju i defektolozi, psiholozi, pedagozi i logopedi, koji osmi\u0161ljavaju metode kako da se detetu pomogne da funkcioni\u0161e na najbolji na\u010din uprkos nekoj od pote\u0161ko\u0107a koje ima, dok se po potrebi u\u010denik \u0161alje na dodatna testiranja i procene sposobnosti izvan \u0161kole.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Kada krenu u \u0161kolu, deca \u010desto dobijaju savet \u201eSamo u\u010di, trudi se i dobi\u0107e\u0161 peticu\u201c. Ipak, \u0161ta kada pojedini u\u010denici ne mogu da savladaju predvi\u0111eni \u0161kolski program i ne posti\u017eu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":9778,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-posts","category-rani-razvoj"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n4 stvari koje mo\u017eda niste znali o pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju kod dece - Novak Djokovic Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/sr\/4-stvari-koje-mozda-niste-znali-o-poteskocama-u-ucenju-kod-dece\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"4 stvari koje mo\u017eda niste znali o pote\u0161ko\u0107ama u u\u010denju kod dece - Novak Djokovic Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kada krenu u \u0161kolu, deca \u010desto dobijaju savet \u201eSamo u\u010di, trudi se i dobi\u0107e\u0161 peticu\u201c. 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