{"id":16165,"date":"2016-11-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-11-08T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/vrsnjacko-nasilje-u-vrticima\/"},"modified":"2023-03-20T16:57:10","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T16:57:10","slug":"vrsnjacko-nasilje-u-vrticima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/sr\/vrsnjacko-nasilje-u-vrticima\/","title":{"rendered":"Vr\u0161nja\u010dko nasilje u pred\u0161kolskim ustanovama"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vr\u0161nja\u010dko nasilje je pojava koja se, na\u017ealost, sve \u010de\u0161\u0107e de\u0161ava u \u0161kolskom dvori\u0161tu i u\u010dionicama i u tom pogledu gotovo nijedna zemlja na svetu ne predstavlja izuzetak. Ipak, da li roditelji treba da se zabrinu kada im se dete po\u017eali da ga u vrti\u0107u drugari iz grupe ne vole, da ga isklju\u010duju iz igre ili da ga ignori\u0161u?<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u010cesto \u010dujemo da su takvi de\u010dji problemi deo odrastanja koji smo svi pro\u0161li i kako \u0107e se to ve\u0107 nekako razre\u0161iti samo od sebe. Me\u0111utim, ne bi trebalo tako olako pre\u0107i preko toga jer ta deca pate i njima je potrebna pomo\u0107, dok neki stru\u010dnjaci \u010dak tvrde da se koreni vr\u0161nja\u010dkog nasilja kriju upravo u pred\u0161kolskom uzrastu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vr\u0161nja\u010dko nasilje (buling) u \u0161koli i vrti\u0107u tipi\u010dan je oblik ponovljenog, upornog i agresivnog pona\u0161anja jednog deteta ili vi\u0161e njih usmerenog na drugog mali\u0161ana sa namerom da kod njega izazove strah, nanese mu bol (fizi\u010dku i psihi\u010dku), povredi njegova ose\u0107anja, ili ugrozi njegovo samopouzdanje ili ugled. Nasilje se u obrazovnim ustanovama me\u0111u decom de\u0161ava u kontekstu u kojem postoji prava ili umi\u0161ljena nejednakost mo\u0107i. Ovaj problem ostavlja vi\u0161estruke negativne, bilo neposredne posledice (povu\u010denost, nesigurnost, izbegavanje dru\u0161tva, razdra\u017eljivost, odbijanje odlaska u \u0161kolu ili vrti\u0107) ili trajne (poreme\u0107aj sna, glavobolje, bolovi u stomaku) na decu koja su izlo\u017eena vr\u0161nja\u010dkom nasilju. Kao \u017ertve bulinga lako se prepoznaju tinejd\u017eeri koji se iz \u0161kole vra\u0107aju u suzama zato \u0161to ih drugi u\u010denici iz razreda ismevaju i rugaju im se. Me\u0111utim, \u010desto je znatno te\u017ee uo\u010diti vr\u0161nja\u010dko maltretiranje i zadirkivanje me\u0111u pred\u0161kolcima. Zato je izuzetno va\u017eno da odrasli znaju kako da identifikuju, zaustave i spre\u010de potencijalno nasilni\u010dko pona\u0161anje kod dece vrti\u0107kog uzrasta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kako prepoznati vr\u0161nja\u010dko nasilje me\u0111u pred\u0161kolcima<\/b><\/h3>\n

Ote\u017eavaju\u0107a okolnost je to \u0161to vr\u0161nja\u010dko nasilje u vrti\u0107ima prolazi neopa\u017eeno jer ga odrasli \u010desto tretiraju kao \u201ede\u010dja posla\u201c. S obzirom na to da ve\u0107ina nas buling povezuje sa uznemiravanjem, maltretiranjem i zlostavljanjem, te\u0161ko je zamisliti da su deca ranog uzrasta sposobna za takve stvari. Sa jedne strane, to je delimi\u010dno ta\u010dno: dok bebe i mali\u0161ani do tri godine jo\u0161 uvek nisu razvili sposobnost saose\u0107anja sa drugima, odnosno empatiju, sa druge strane deca starija od tri godine mogu da razumeju kako se druge osobe iz njihovog okru\u017eenja ose\u0107aju i u skladu sa tim njihovo agresivno pona\u0161anje ostaje namerno.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:

Copyright: Tom Wang<\/p><\/div>\n

Osim toga, budu\u0107i da pred\u0161kolci tek po\u010dinju da u\u010de osnove \u010ditanja i pisanja, metoda koja se najvi\u0161e koristi za identifikovanje problema sa vr\u0161nja\u010dkim nasiljem ili otkrivanje njegovih \u017ertava \u2013 anonimna anketa \u2013 u vrti\u0107ima ne mo\u017ee da se primeni. Ipak, roditeljima i vaspita\u010dima i dalje na raspolaganju ostaje jednostavan na\u010din da ga prepoznaju, tako \u0161to \u0107e se informisati o tome koje aktivnosti i postupci, ukoliko se zanemare, mogu da dovedu do bulinga, kao i nastoje\u0107i da otkriju znake nasilnog pona\u0161anja kod dece u porodi\u010dnom okru\u017eenju i vrti\u0107u. Takve aktivnosti obuhvataju: nazivanje drugih mali\u0161ana pogrdnim i ru\u017enim imenima, njihovo isklju\u010divanje iz dru\u0161tva, zadirkivanje, udaranje, \u0161utiranje, ignorisanje, kra\u0111a ili o\u0161te\u0107ivanje tu\u0111e imovine, povre\u0111ivanje ose\u0107anja, pretnje, nadmeno i superiorno pona\u0161anje, ismevanje ne\u010dijeg fizi\u010dkog izgleda ili nesposobnosti. Tako\u0111e, va\u0161e dete mo\u017ee da bude \u017ertva bulinga ukoliko tra\u017ei izgovore da ne ide u vrti\u0107, stalno isti\u010de da se neko drugo dete lo\u0161e pona\u0161a prema njemu, gubi samopouzdanje, vra\u0107a se ku\u0107i sa sumnjivim masnicama po telu. Ovakve liste iako nisu kona\u010dne, znatno olak\u0161avaju roditeljima i edukatorima da prave razliku izme\u0111u vr\u0161nja\u010dkog nasilja i konflikta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Razlika izme\u0111u vr\u0161nja\u010dkog nasilja i konflikta<\/b><\/h3>\n

Iako je va\u017eno da se vr\u0161nja\u010dkom nasilju stane na put, istovremeno ne treba da se me\u0161amo u sitne \u010darke i razmirice koje se javljaju kod mali\u0161ana tokom igre. Suprotno od onoga \u0161to sama re\u010d nagove\u0161tava, konflikt je zapravo konstruktivan jer omogu\u0107ava va\u0161em detetu da stekne psiholo\u0161ku otpornost i razvije kognitivno razmi\u0161ljanje tako \u0161to \u0107e nau\u010diti da pravi kompromise, pregovara i opra\u0161ta. Nije te\u0161ko odrediti kada se radi o vr\u0161nja\u010dkom nasilju ukoliko poznajete njegove glavne karakteristike: u\u010destalost, namera i prikriveno pona\u0161anje.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:

Copyright: stefanolunardi<\/p><\/div>\n

U\u010destalost:<\/em> Dok se konflikti vezani za igru obi\u010dno odnose na jednu situaciju, klju\u010dni pokazatelj bulinga je da se on ponavlja u vi\u0161e navrata.<\/span><\/p>\n

Namera:<\/em> Konflikt mo\u017ee lako da se uo\u010di ukoliko su oba mali\u0161ana uznemirena tokom trenutne sva\u0111e. Ipak, ukoliko jedno dete ciljano povre\u0111uje drugo i\/ili u tome nalazi odre\u0111enu satisfakciju, onda se nepogre\u0161ivo radi o vr\u0161nja\u010dkom maltretiranju.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prikriveno pona\u0161anje:<\/em> Nasilnici znaju da je ono \u0161to rade lo\u0161e. Iz tog razloga trudi\u0107e se da nekoga povrede samo kada nikoga (odraslih) nema u blizini ili \u0107e okupiti drugu decu oko sebe kako bi bilo manje o\u010digledno da su zapravo oni pravi krivci. Konflikt \u0107e se, sa druge strane, verovatno odigrati pred vama.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kako deca pred\u0161kolskog uzrasta usvajaju model nasilni\u010dkog pona\u0161anja<\/b><\/h3>\n

Nasilni\u010dko pona\u0161anje se razvija jedino ako se poka\u017ee delotvornim. Ukoliko dete dobije ono \u0161to \u017eeli tako \u0161to \u0107e udariti drugog mali\u0161ana, ovakav postupak prerasta u naviku \u2013 posebno ako ih ne u\u010dimo konstruktivnim emocionalnim i socijalnim ve\u0161tinama. Odakle deci uop\u0161te takvo pona\u0161anje? Odgovor je jednostavan: od odraslih koji, \u010desto nesvesno, njih maltretiraju. Kada roditelji vi\u010du, prete, srame ili ka\u017enjavaju svoje mali\u0161ane umesto da ostanu smireni, postave granice i re\u0161e problem na pozitivan na\u010din, deca u\u010de da je nasilno reagovanje legitiman oblik interakcije. Nasilje tako\u0111e postaje opravdano i kada odrasli etiketiraju dete kao \u201enasilnika\u201c usled nerazumevanja da se buling odnosi na skup radnji, a ne direktno na pojedinca. Va\u017eno je da roditelji ne upadnu u takvu zamku kao onda kada o\u010dekujemo negativno detetovo pona\u0161anje, da upravo ono ispuni na\u0161a o\u010dekivanja umesto da nau\u010di kako da se pona\u0161a na druga\u010diji na\u010din. Zato pre nego \u0161to okrivimo mali\u0161ana za agresivno pona\u0161anje, vredi vratiti se korak unazad i sagledati da li su negativne interakcije standard me\u0111u odraslim osobama iz njegovog okru\u017eenja.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:

Copyright: GagliardiImages<\/p><\/div>\n

Nadgledati, zaustaviti, podr\u017eati<\/b><\/h3>\n

Neosporno je da roditelji i odrasli moraju da prepoznaju nasilni\u010dko pona\u0161anje i interveni\u0161u kako bi ga zaustavili. Iako \u0107ete biti u isku\u0161enju da kaznite svoje dete zbog takvog pona\u0161anja kako biste ga \u201enau\u010dili pameti\u201c, tako \u0107ete samo na nasilje odgovoriti nasiljem, i bez pomo\u0107i alternativnih na\u010dina da izrazi svoja ose\u0107anja vrlo je verovatno da \u0107e se njegovo maltretiranje drugih vr\u0161njaka nastaviti. Kako bismo se uspe\u0161no izborili sa bulingom, potrebno je da iskoristimo priliku i podr\u017eimo nove i konstruktivnije ve\u0161tine re\u0161avanja problema kako nasilne radnje ne bi postale \u0161ablon. Drugim re\u010dima, moramo da nadgledamo decu i preventivno reagujemo, zaustavimo nasilni\u010dko pona\u0161anje i pru\u017eimo im podr\u0161ku. Ukoliko sledimo ove korake, stvori\u0107emo bolje i pozitivno pred\u0161kolsko okru\u017eenje u kojem \u0107e se sva deca ose\u0107ati sre\u0107no, prijatno, bezbedno i prihva\u0107eno.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vr\u0161nja\u010dko nasilje je pojava koja se, na\u017ealost, sve \u010de\u0161\u0107e de\u0161ava u \u0161kolskom dvori\u0161tu i u\u010dionicama i u tom pogledu gotovo nijedna zemlja na svetu ne predstavlja izuzetak. Ipak, da li […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16166,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,1122],"tags":[1255,1223,1244,1133],"class_list":["post-16165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-posts","category-rano-ucenje","tag-predskolsko","tag-rani-razvoj","tag-rano-obrazovanje","tag-vrsnjacko-nasilje"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVr\u0161nja\u010dko nasilje u pred\u0161kolskim ustanovama - Novak Djokovic Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/sr\/vrsnjacko-nasilje-u-vrticima\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vr\u0161nja\u010dko nasilje u pred\u0161kolskim ustanovama - Novak Djokovic Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vr\u0161nja\u010dko nasilje je pojava koja se, na\u017ealost, sve \u010de\u0161\u0107e de\u0161ava u \u0161kolskom dvori\u0161tu i u\u010dionicama i u tom pogledu gotovo nijedna zemlja na svetu ne predstavlja izuzetak. 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