{"id":15950,"date":"2016-04-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-04-08T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/svetski-dan-roma-obrazovanje\/"},"modified":"2023-03-20T16:57:15","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T16:57:15","slug":"svetski-dan-roma-obrazovanje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/sr\/svetski-dan-roma-obrazovanje\/","title":{"rendered":"Svetski dan Roma \u2013 Obrazovanje kao jedan od najve\u0107ih problema romske populacije"},"content":{"rendered":"

Od trenutka kada su iz Indije kro\u010dili na tlo Evrope pre vi\u0161e od hiljadu godina, Romi su bili predmet diskriminacije i li\u0161eni prava na obrazovanje, zapo\u0161ljavanje, re\u0161avanje stambenog pitanja i socijalnu za\u0161titu<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Iako sam se tokom \u017eivota susretao sa raznim pote\u0161ko\u0107ama i preprekama na putu do visokog obrazovanja, splet nekoliko povoljnih okolnosti u\u010dinio me je privilegovanim u odnosu na ve\u0107inu drugih mladih ljudi \u0161irom sveta. Na prvom mestu, ro\u0111en sam u zemlji koja ula\u017ee ozbiljne napore kako bi svi njeni gra\u0111ani imali jednake \u0161anse da se obrazuju, napreduju i doprinesu pobolj\u0161anju kvaliteta \u017eivota svoje zajednice bez obzira na boju ko\u017ee, versku pripadnost i kulturu iz koje poti\u010du. Osim toga, odrastao sam u finansijski stabilnoj porodici, koja je bezrezervno podr\u017eavala moja interesovanja i ambicije. Dok sam sa jedne strane veoma zahvalan zbog mogu\u0107nosti koje su mi pru\u017eene, svestan sam nepravednog polo\u017eaja mnogih drugih ljudi koji su li\u0161eni takvih mogu\u0107nosti, iako ih podjednako zaslu\u017euju kao i svi ostali. Iz tog raloga gajim nadu da \u0107e organizacije kao \u0161to je Novak \u00c3\u0090okovic fondacija uspeti da ostvare svoj primarni cilj i promene nabolje njihovu trenutnu situaciju, posebno kada je re\u010d o ranom obrazovanju.<\/span><\/p>\n

Iako je svet u kome \u017eivimo ostvario veliki napredak u pogledu re\u0161avanja problema nejednakosti me\u0111u ljudima, mnogi i dalje smatraju romsku populaciju prvom \u017ertvom \u0161iroko rasprostranjene diskriminacije. Od trenutka kada su iz Indije kro\u010dili na tlo Evrope pre vi\u0161e od hiljadu godina, Romi su bili predmet diskriminacije i li\u0161eni prava na obrazovanje, zapo\u0161ljavanje, re\u0161avanje stambenog pitanja i socijalnu za\u0161titu. Mnoge zemlje donosile su zakone kojima su suzbijale njihovu kulturu i dr\u017eale ih van glavnih dru\u0161tvenih tokova. Ponekad su i\u0161li i mnogo dalje. U Ma\u0111arskoj i Rumuniji u 15. veku bili su porobljeni, a 500 godina kasnije bili su meta za istrebljenje od strane nacisti\u010dke Nema\u010dke. Procenjuje se da je za vreme holokausta stradalo vi\u0161e od polovine romske populacije u Evropi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na\u017ealost, u dana\u0161nje vreme polo\u017eaj Roma i dalje je veoma te\u017eak.<\/span> Prema podacima Agencije za ljudska prava Evropske unije, izme\u0111u 10 i 12 miliona Roma \u017eivi u Evropi i predstavljaju jednu od najbrojnijih manjina na Starom kontinentu. Me\u0111utim, za ve\u0107inu romske dece ne postoji evidencija o ro\u0111enju. Tako su prinu\u0111ena da \u017eive bez dr\u017eavljanstva i prava na pristup obrazovanju i zdravstvenoj za\u0161titi. Osim toga, Amnesty International navodi da francuska vlada i dalje kr\u0161i sudske presude i nastavlja da iseljava Rome iz njihovih naselja. Sa druge strane, ista organizacija isti\u010de da se 20% romske dece koja poha\u0111a osnovno obrazovanje suo\u010dava sa segregacijom u \u0161kolama, naro\u010dito u Slova\u010dkoj i Gr\u010dkoj.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:

Copyright: Tomas Vynikal<\/p><\/div>\n

De\u010dak koji je nekada delio sa mnom \u0161kolsku klupu iznenada je izmakao stolicu uz re\u010di da ne \u017eeli da sedi pored Romkinje. Svaki dan me podse\u0107aju na moje poreklo i govore mi da sam neuredna i da se razlikujem od ostalih u\u010denika \u2013 Katja (pseudonijum), romska devoj\u010dica koja poha\u0111a redovnu \u0161kolu u Ostravi, \u010ce\u0161ka.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Nedovoljno obrazovanje romske dece najve\u0107im delom je odgovorno za ostanak romskih porodica u za\u010daranom krugu siroma\u0161tva. Ve\u0107ina njih mo\u017ee da poha\u0111a samo \u201egeto \u0161kole\u201c, u oronulim zgradama sa nedovoljnim brojem u\u010dionica i redovnim prekidima u snabdevanju elektri\u010dnom energijom. Ukoliko mali\u0161ani nisu upu\u0107eni na monta\u0161ne \u0161kole, ili \u0161kole koje izdvajaju romsku decu od ostatka dru\u0161tva, oni postaju direktna meta za vr\u0161nja\u010dko maltretiranje, \u0161to \u0161kolsko okru\u017eenje \u010dini nepogodnim za u\u010denje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Me\u0111unarodni standardi u pogledu po\u0161tovanja ljudskih prava kao \u0161to su Konvencija o pravima deteta, Obrazovanje za sve i Milenijumski razvojni ciljevi isti\u010du da sva deca imaju pravo na obrazovanje. Ipak, obrazovanje Roma suo\u010dava se sa brojnim kulturolo\u0161kim i institucionalnim preprekama.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kulturolo\u0161ke prepreke:<\/b><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Rani brakovi<\/b> \u2013 U romskoj kulturi postoji tradicija koja nala\u017ee da devoj\u010dice i de\u010daci sklope brak u ranom tinejd\u017eerskom dobu. Zbog obaveze prema starijim \u010dlanovima porodice, mladi Romi, posebno \u017eene, \u010desto odu\u0161taju od \u0161kolovanja u korist bra\u010dnog \u017eivota.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u201eOtmica\u201c<\/b> \u2013 \u010cak i kada romska devoj\u010dica i njeni roditelji \u017eele da ona nastavi da se \u0161koluje, postoji opasnost da do\u0111e do \u201eotmice\u201c \u2013 romski obi\u010daj kada mladi Rom mo\u017ee da \u201eotme\u201c devojku kako bi je o\u017eenio.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Jezi\u010dka barijera<\/b> \u2013 Ve\u0107ina romske dece zna samo romski jezik, koji su nau\u010dili kod ku\u0107e. To ote\u017eava njihovu integraciju u obrazovni sistem i pra\u0107enje nastave na engleskom ili nekog drugom zvani\u010dnom jeziku dr\u017eave u kojoj \u017eive.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \"Editorial

    Editorial Credit: Liukov \/ Shutterstock.com<\/p><\/div>\n

    Institucionalne prepreke:<\/b><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Izdvajanje sredstava iz bud\u017eeta za obrazovanje romske dece<\/b> \u2013 Svako obrazovanje ko\u0161ta, zbog \u010dega je prose\u010dnoj romskoj porodici koja \u017eivi daleko ispod granice siroma\u0161tva nemogu\u0107e da ga priu\u0161ti. Kupovinu ud\u017ebenika i \u0161kolskog pribora potiskuje konstantna borba za puko pre\u017eivljavanje i obezbe\u0111ivanje hrane i krova nad glavom. Zato dr\u017eava treba da finansira obrazovanje romske dece. \u010cak i kada romska porodica ima relativno dobra primanja, dr\u017eava treba da nastavi da izdvaja sredstva za obrazovanje najmla\u0111ih pripadnika romske zajednice kako bi se porodice podstakle da \u0161alju svoju decu u \u0161kolu.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Lokalna samouprava<\/b> \u2013 Finansiranje programa za obrazovanje Roma ne predstavlja prioritet zemljama u kojima su Romi i dalje veoma diskriminisani. \u010cak i kada takvo finansiranje postoji, lokalnim samoupravama nedostaje inicijativa da se prijave za dodelu sredstava odnosno prekid prakse njihovog preusmeravanja na re\u0161avanje neromskih pitanja.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Akcioni koraci koje vlade treba da preduzmu<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Uprkos veoma kompleksnim problemima, postoji nekoliko prioritetnih i akcionih koraka koje vlade treba da preduzmu kako bi se popravila trenutna situacija sa obrazovanjem Roma.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Korak 1<\/b>: <\/span>Podsticanje kulture tolerancije i razli\u010ditosti <\/b>\u2013 Iako je prakti\u010dno nemogu\u0107e da se diskriminaciji stane na put, postoje mere kako bi se ona umanjila. \u0160kole treba da uka\u017eu na zna\u010daj tolerancije na akademskom nivou kroz sporovo\u0111enje razli\u010ditih programa u u\u010dionicama. Osim toga, po\u017eeljno je da vannastavne aktivnosti budu osmi\u0161ljene tako da romsku decu i ostale u\u010denike zbli\u017ee i pru\u017ee im priliku da upoznaju jedni druge sa svojim kulturama.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Korak 2<\/b>: <\/span>Uklju\u010divanje Roma u debatu o unapre\u0111enju njihovog obrazovanja<\/b> \u2013 Kako bi se prevazi\u0161le kulturolo\u0161ke prepreke za obrazovanje Roma, potrebno je da romska zajednica ima svest o tome da unapre\u0111enje obrazovanja Roma zahteva akciju ne samo od strane dr\u017eave ve\u0107 i njihovo uklju\u010divanje i u\u010destvovanje u re\u0161avanju ovakvih problema. Osim toga, oni moraju da uvide zna\u010daj obrazovanja u celini i poka\u017eu spremnost da po\u0161alju svoju decu u \u0161kolu.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Korak 3: Unapre\u0111enje statusa romskih asistenata<\/b> \u2013 Romski asistenti su odrasle osobe romskog porekla koje se biraju me\u0111u pripadnicima romske zajednice. Njihov posao u su\u0161tini se sastoji u premo\u0161\u0107avanju jaza izme\u0111u \u0161kolskog sistema zemalja Evropske unije i romskih roditelja i dece. U ve\u0107ini mesta romski asistenti nemaju beneficije zaposlenih lica, kao \u0161to su zdravstveno osiguranje ili pla\u0107eni godi\u0161nji odmor. Umesto toga, tretirani su kao sezonski radnici koji se anga\u017euju bez ugovora o radu. Sprovo\u0111enjem reformi kako bi se regulisao njihov status, romski asistenti mogu zna\u010dajno da doprinesu unapre\u0111enju obrazovanja Roma.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Korak 4: Uvo\u0111enje holisti\u010dkih metoda obrazovanja<\/b> \u2013 Ve\u0107ina metoda ranog obrazovanja u zemljama Evropske unije zasniva se na u\u010denju kroz konstantno ponavljanje. U takvom sistemu, dete koje ima pote\u0161ko\u0107e da komunicira na drugom jeziku zaostaje po znanju za svojim vr\u0161njacima. Iz tog razloga \u0161kole treba da usvoje progresivnije i interaktivne nastavne metode koje svako dete posmatraju individualno sa fokusom na njegovim specifi\u010dnim potrebama i interesovanjima.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0160irom sveta 8. april obele\u017eava se kao Svetski dan Roma \u2013 dan proslave romske kulture i podizanja svesti o problemima sa kojima se Romi suo\u010davaju. Zato vas pozivam da mi se pridru\u017eite kako bismo ovaj dan iskoristili ne samo da uka\u017eemo na te\u0161ak polo\u017eaj romske populacije ve\u0107 i kao priliku da nau\u010dimo ne\u0161to vi\u0161e o njihovoj bogatoj kulturi i tradiciji.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Od trenutka kada su iz Indije kro\u010dili na tlo Evrope pre vi\u0161e od hiljadu godina, Romi su bili predmet diskriminacije i li\u0161eni prava na obrazovanje, zapo\u0161ljavanje, re\u0161avanje stambenog pitanja i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":11993,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,1122],"tags":[1234,1244,1409],"class_list":["post-15950","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-posts","category-rano-ucenje","tag-novak-djokovic-fondacija","tag-rano-obrazovanje","tag-svetski-dan-roma"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSvetski dan Roma \u2013 Obrazovanje kao jedan od najve\u0107ih problema romske populacije - Novak Djokovic Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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