{"id":15947,"date":"2016-03-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-30T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/priprema-za-upis-na-fakultet-ili-pravljenje-kule-od-peska-sta-deca-treba-da-uce-u-ranom-uzrastu\/"},"modified":"2023-03-20T16:57:15","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T16:57:15","slug":"priprema-za-upis-na-fakultet-ili-pravljenje-kule-od-peska-sta-deca-treba-da-uce-u-ranom-uzrastu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/sr\/priprema-za-upis-na-fakultet-ili-pravljenje-kule-od-peska-sta-deca-treba-da-uce-u-ranom-uzrastu\/","title":{"rendered":"Priprema za upis na fakultet ili pravljenje kule od peska \u2013 \u0161ta deca treba da u\u010de u ranom uzrastu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Deca dolaze na svet sa uro\u0111enom sposobno\u0161\u0107u da u\u010de u prakti\u010dno svakom okru\u017eenju i o bilo \u010demu. Potrebno je da vaspita\u010di znaju koje stvari mogu da o\u010dekuju od tipi\u010dnog trogodi\u0161njaka kao i da decu upoznaju kao individue, sa jedinstvenim sposobnostima, interesovanjima i mentalnim sklopom.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ipak, u dana\u0161njim vrti\u0107ima u Americi u\u010denje se svodi na lekcije propisane nastavnim planom i programom i merenje o\u010dekivanih rezultata koji \u010desto potcenjuju de\u010dju inteligenciju dok istovremeno optere\u0107uju\u0107e deluju na mozak mali\u0161ana koji se razvija. Sa druge strane, roditelji se pla\u0161e da ukoliko izaberu \u201epogre\u0161an\u201c obrazovni program, njihovo dete jednog dana ne\u0107e biti primljeno na \u201epravi\u201c fakultet. Sa tako velikim o\u010dekivanjima i pritiscima ne suo\u010davaju se samo roditelji i najmla\u0111i ve\u0107 i vaspita\u010di koji pored obaveze da ispune zahtevne kriterijume nastave i primenjuju najnoviju tehnologiju u u\u010dionicama, \u010desto finansijski jedva sastavljaju kraj sa krajem. Da li su pore\u0111enje sa drugim nacionalnim obrazovnim sistemima i pritisak obezbe\u0111ivanja \u0161to kvalitetnijeg ranog obrazovanja oduzeli deci pravo da u\u017eivaju u \u010darima detinjstva i u\u010de kroz igru i zabavu? Erika Kristakis<\/strong><\/a>, stru\u010dnjak za rano obrazovanje i predava\u010d sa renomiranog de\u010djeg istra\u017eiva\u010dkog centra na Jelju, poku\u0161ava da odgovori na ovo pitanje u svojoj najnovijoj knjizi \u201eVa\u017eno je biti dete: \u0160ta je pred\u0161kolcima zaista potrebno od odraslih\u201c<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:

Copyright: Olesia Bilkei<\/p><\/div>\n

Kristakis tvrdi da ve\u0107ina dana\u0161nje dece pred\u0161kolskog uzrasta provodi svoje klju\u010dne prve godine u\u010denja u okru\u017eenjima koja ignori\u0161u ili pogre\u0161no tuma\u010de njihove potrebe. Ona tako\u0111e navodi da bi za pred\u0161kolce bilo bolje da im se odrasli \u201esklone sa puta\u201c tako \u0161to \u0107e im obezbediti vi\u0161e prostora za u\u010denje bazirano na igri umesto napornih i neinteresantnih lekcija i stvoriti manje pretrpano i vizuelno zahtevno okru\u017eenje u kojem ova prirodno radoznala mala bi\u0107a mogu \u201eglasno da razmi\u0161ljaju\u201c. Pozivaju\u0107i se na istra\u017eivanja i li\u010dno iskustvo u radu sa decom, Kristakis svojim savetima, koji su daleko izvan uobi\u010dajenog recepta \u2013 manje testova, vi\u0161e igre, otkriva koji je najbolji na\u010din da se pomogne mali\u0161anima da u\u010de, rastu i razvijaju se tokom prvih godina \u017eivota.<\/span> Njeni predlozi mogu da se okarakteri\u0161u kao promena fizi\u010dkog okru\u017eenja za u\u010denje, sadr\u017eaja nastave i uspostavljanje prisnog odnosa izme\u0111u vaspita\u010da i mali\u0161ana.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stvaranje jednostavnog okru\u017eenja za u\u010denje<\/b><\/h3>\n

Kada se prisetimo kako su izgledale na\u0161e u\u010dionice u vrti\u0107u, vra\u0107aju nam se slike \u0161areno dekorisanih prostorija, dok se sa zidova sme\u0161e raznobojni posteri, tabele sa slovima i brojevima i drugi komercijalizovan edukativni materijal. Ipak, u dana\u0161nje vreme te\u0161ko nailazimo na okru\u017eenje za u\u010denje najmla\u0111ih sa praznim zidovima i ograni\u010denim brojem igra\u010daka. U eri prekomerne stimulacije mali\u0161ana putem televizije i razli\u010ditih aplikacija, Kristakis tvrdi da su ovakva jednostavna okru\u017eenja upravo ono \u0161to je deci potrebno kako bi se fokusirala. Iz tog razloga, umesto da se potro\u0161i pravo malo bogatstvo na postere i ostale vizuelne sadr\u017eaje na koje smo kao deca navikli, autorka isti\u010de primer u\u010dionice sa praznim zidovima na po\u010detku \u0161kolske godine. Kako vreme odmi\u010de, deca mogu sama da izaberu sadr\u017eaje koji \u0107e biti oka\u010deni na zid kako bi prikazala stvari koje su nau\u010dila, uz preporuku da se bar u po\u010detku izbegne veliki broj poruka.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:

Copyright: ISchmidt<\/p><\/div>\n

Kristakis se tako\u0111e zala\u017ee za ograni\u010den broj igra\u010daka i manju upotrebu tehnolo\u0161ki naprednih ure\u0111aja. Manje igra\u010daka mo\u017ee da podstakne zami\u0161ljanje i samostalnost kod dece dok istra\u017euju sopstvenu ma\u0161tu i svet. Prepu\u0161tena svojim idejama, mala deca sama kreiraju igre, aktivno komuniciraju sa ostalom decom iz grupe i fokusirana su vi\u0161e na ve\u0161tine koje odgovaraju njihovom uzrastu. Prilikom izbora igra\u010daka za u\u010dionicu, umesto tableta i televizije, Kristakis u vi\u0161e navrata isti\u010de jednostavne opcije, kao \u0161to su \u0161arene kocke. Kocke, kao i ostale igra\u010dke koje spadaju u kategoriju \u201eotvorenih\u201c igra\u010daka, omogu\u0107avaju mali\u0161anima da simboli\u010dki predstave ideje i podsti\u010du njihovu kreativnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manja upotreba edukativnih sadr\u017eaja koje su osmislili odrasli<\/b><\/h3>\n

Odrasli \u010desto ne obra\u0107aju dovoljno pa\u017enje na ve\u0161tine koje su deci zaista potrebne. Kristakis tvrdi da prevelika usmerenost na pripremanje dece da odrastu u nezavisne odrasle pojedince izobli\u010dava obrazovni sistem i primorava vaspita\u010de da mnogo vremena provedu u\u010de\u0107i najmla\u0111e ve\u0161tinama koje im nisu potrebne u tom periodu \u017eivota. Na primer, na\u0161a \u017eelja da obrazujemo slede\u0107u generaciju tehnolo\u0161kih genija i kompjuterskih nau\u010dnika proizvodi potrebu da decu u\u010dimo da kucaju u ranom uzrastu, kada njihove fine motori\u010dke sposobnosti jo\u0161 nisu dorasle ovom zahtevnom zadatku. Umesto toga bilo bi efikasnije pomo\u0107i mali\u0161anima da razviju druge korisne ve\u0161tine, kao \u0161to su sposobnost kriti\u010dkog razmi\u0161ljanja ili re\u0161avanja problema, koje nisu vezane za kompjutere i algoritme. Tako deca mogu da se podstaknu da sama prona\u0111u materijale u u\u010dionici koje mogu da upotrebe kako bi napravila dinosaurusa onako kako ga ona zami\u0161ljaju umesto kori\u0161\u0107enja fabri\u010dki gotovog pribora iz vaspita\u010dicine kutije sa natpisom \u201eLekcija o dinosaurusu\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:

Copyright: glebTv<\/p><\/div>\n

Osim toga, ona pokre\u0107e va\u017eno pitanje koliko je rano obrazovanje zaista obrazovanje, a koliko \u010duvanje dece. Boravak u vrti\u0107u koji traje devet ili deset sati mnogo zna\u010di zaposlenim roditeljima, ali nerealno je o\u010dekivati da mala deca provedu toliko dugo vremena u u\u010denju. Umesto nametanja mali\u0161anima zahtevnog tempa prepoznavanja oblika, slova i brojeva i uskra\u0107ivanja popodnevnog odmora, Kristakis nagla\u0161ava potrebu da se uspostavi balans izme\u0111u kvalitetnih edukativnih programa i perioda kada deca mogu da se opuste, razonode i provedu vreme u aktivnostima na otvorenom bez prevelikog me\u0161anja odraslih. Iako \u0107e mnogi roditelji potceniti ideju da se njihova deca du\u017ee igraju, spavaju ili \u010dak povremeno pogledaju neki animirani film, to mo\u017ee da bude u najboljem interesu najmla\u0111ih.<\/span><\/p>\n

Efikasnija interakcija izme\u0111u vaspita\u010da i dece<\/b><\/h3>\n

Za razliku od zemalja sa uspe\u0161nijim obrazovnim sistemima, vaspita\u010di u Americi \u010desto se suo\u010davaju sa malim platama, ograni\u010denih beneficijama i resursima, kao i sve ve\u0107im zahtevima roditelja. Tako\u0111e, stvorena je prili\u010dno homogena struktura zaposlenih u vrti\u0107ima, iako bi na decu pozitivno delovalo prisustvo ve\u0107eg broja mu\u0161kih vaspita\u010da i raznoliki profil edukatora, s obzirom na to da \u00a0mnogi mali\u0161ani odrastaju uz jednog roditelja. Kako bi se unapredio kvalitet ranog obrazovanja, Kristakis isti\u010de da bi vaspita\u010de prvo trebalo podr\u017eati finansijski. Osim toga, va\u017eno je da oni ponovo uspostave blizak odnos sa decom i kroz efikasnu interakciju omogu\u0107e im da u\u010de vi\u0161e i bolje.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:

Copyright: Oksana Kuzmina<\/p><\/div>\n

Po njenim re\u010dima, potrebno je da vaspita\u010di znaju koje stvari mogu da o\u010dekuju od tipi\u010dnog trogodi\u0161njaka kao i da decu upoznaju kao individue, sa jedinstvenim sposobnostima, interesovanjima i mentalnim sklopom. Kako bi mogli da razumeju mali\u0161ane na ovakav sveobuhvatan na\u010din, vaspita\u010di treba da imaju vremena i prilike da upoznaju decu u njihovom prirodnom okru\u017eenju, u igri i jezi\u010dki bogatoj sredini. Va\u017eno je da vaspita\u010di saslu\u0161aju de\u010dje pri\u010de, smeju se sa njima ili sednu svi zajedno na tepih i u\u010destvuju u razli\u010ditim grupnim aktivnostima i igrama, i posmatraju\u0107i ih otkriju \u0161ta je to \u0161to mali\u0161ane pokre\u0107e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Deca i njihovi roditelji bi\u0107e na dobitku onda kada ponovo uspostavimo okru\u017eenje za u\u010denje koje najbolje odgovara najmla\u0111im u\u010denicima i koje po\u0161tuje rano detinjstvo kao najlep\u0161i i najbezbri\u017eniji period \u017eivota, umesto poligona za obu\u010davanje dece za \u201eodraslu\u201c budu\u0107nost.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Deca dolaze na svet sa uro\u0111enom sposobno\u0161\u0107u da u\u010de u prakti\u010dno svakom okru\u017eenju i o bilo \u010demu. Potrebno je da vaspita\u010di znaju koje stvari mogu da o\u010dekuju od tipi\u010dnog trogodi\u0161njaka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":11916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,1122],"tags":[1223,1244,1385],"class_list":["post-15947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-posts","category-rano-ucenje","tag-rani-razvoj","tag-rano-obrazovanje","tag-unapredjivanje-ranog-obrazovanja"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPriprema za upis na fakultet ili pravljenje kule od peska \u2013 \u0161ta deca treba da u\u010de u ranom uzrastu? - Novak Djokovic Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/sr\/priprema-za-upis-na-fakultet-ili-pravljenje-kule-od-peska-sta-deca-treba-da-uce-u-ranom-uzrastu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sr_RS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Priprema za upis na fakultet ili pravljenje kule od peska \u2013 \u0161ta deca treba da u\u010de u ranom uzrastu? - Novak Djokovic Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Deca dolaze na svet sa uro\u0111enom sposobno\u0161\u0107u da u\u010de u prakti\u010dno svakom okru\u017eenju i o bilo \u010demu. 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