{"id":15926,"date":"2016-03-06T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-06T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/placeno-porodiljsko-odsustvo-san-roditelja-u-americi\/"},"modified":"2023-03-21T12:17:57","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T12:17:57","slug":"placeno-porodiljsko-odsustvo-san-roditelja-u-americi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/sr\/placeno-porodiljsko-odsustvo-san-roditelja-u-americi\/","title":{"rendered":"Pla\u0107eno porodiljsko odsustvo \u2013 san roditelja u Americi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Istra\u017eivanja pokazuju da pla\u0107eno porodiljsko odsustvo donosi mnogobrojne zdravstvene i ekonomske prednosti, kao i da primoravanje roditelja da se ubrzo do dolasku bebe na svet vrate na posao uzima ozbiljan danak porodicama.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

D<\/strong><\/span>olazak novog \u010dlana porodice osim neizmerne sre\u0107e i radosti za roditelje nosi sa sobom veliku odgovornost i mnogobrojne obaveze: opremanje de\u010dje sobe, kupovina benkica, fla\u0161ica, cucli i ostale opreme neophodne za novoro\u0111en\u010de, menjanje pelena, hranjenje i presvla\u010denje bebe, kao i postavljanje za\u0161tita na o\u0161tre ivice i uti\u010dnice kako bi se stvorilo \u0161to bezbednije okru\u017eenje za mali\u0161ana. Ipak, osim neprospavanih no\u0107i i ostalih \u201eslatkih\u201c muka, mame i tate u Americi suo\u010davaju se i sa drugim problemima u vezi sa novcem, napredovanjem u karijeri i povratkom na posao posle ro\u0111enja deteta. Iako mnoge evropske zemlje ve\u0107 dugi niz godina primenjuju razne mere u cilju pove\u0107anja nataliteta i unapre\u0111enja zdravlja majke i deteta, SAD i Papua Nova Gvineja jedne su od retkih dr\u017eava gde ne postoji obavezno pla\u0107eno porodiljsko odsustvo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Porodiljsko odsustvo: Amerika napram\u00a0Evrope<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Z<\/strong><\/span>akon o porodi\u010dnom i zdravstvenom bolovanju omogu\u0107ava zaposlenima u Americi da uzmu 12 nedelja nepla\u0107enog odsustva sa posla zbog ro\u0111enja ili usvajanja deteta, uz radno mesto koje ih \u010deka po isteku tog perioda. Ipak, manje od 60% \u017eena ispunjava veoma zahtevne kriterijume kako bi ostvarile pravo na porodiljsko odsustvo po ovom zakonu, \u0161to zna\u010di da je preko 40% novih majki prepu\u0161teno da se same snalaze. Osim toga, statistika pokazuje da samo 12% Amerikanki ima pristup pla\u0107enom porodiljskom odsustvu, kao i da samo 5% radnica sa malim platama prima nov\u010danu nadoknadu dok su kod ku\u0107e sa bebom.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sa druge strane, uobi\u010dajeno trajanje pla\u0107enog porodiljskog odsustva u Evropi iznosi od 14 do 18 meseci (Nema\u010dka, Belgija, Danska, Austrija, \u0160panija, Francuska, Slovenija, Poljska), dok je u \u010ce\u0161koj, Ma\u0111arskoj, Finskoj i Slova\u010dkoj predvi\u0111eno porodiljsko odsustvo u trajanju od 18 meseci. Osim toga, zemlje poput \u0160vedske zahvaljuju\u0107i izuzetno dare\u017eljivom Zakonu o roditeljstvu obezbe\u0111uju brojne pogodnosti za mlade roditelje: socijalno osiguranje omogu\u0107ava majkama da uzmu 18 nedelja, a o\u010devima dve nedelje odsustva zbog ro\u0111enja ili usvajanja deteta, kada primaju 80% plate. Nakon toga, roditelji mogu da se dogovore kako da podele dodatnih 80 nedelja delimi\u010dno pla\u0107enog odsustva. U Srbiji, posle ro\u0111enja deteta, zaposleni roditelji imaju pravo na pla\u0107eno odsustvo, odnosno porodiljsko bolovanje \u00a0i odsustvo radi nege deteta. Porodiljsko bolovanje traje tri meseca, od datuma otvaranja do navr\u0161ena bebina tri meseca, a zatim se nastavlja bolovanje radi nege deteta. Zajedno traju 365 dana, za prvo i drugo dete. Tako\u0111e, porodilja koja je neprekidno i neposredno bila zaposlena kod poslodavca du\u017ee od \u0161est meseci tokom odsustva dobija 100% plate. \u010cak i Oman, koji je tek odnedavno po\u010deo da primenjuje uredbe koje reguli\u0161u razli\u010dite vrste porodiljskog odsustva, sada garantuje \u017eenama 14 nedelja porodiljskog odsustva uz puni iznos zarade.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:<\/a>

Copyright: Monkey Business Images<\/p><\/div>\n

Za\u0161to su sve ove dr\u017eave zakonski regulisale obavezno porodiljsko odsustvo dok Amerika po tom pitanju nije preduzela potrebne korake?<\/span><\/p>\n

Prednosti\u00a0pla\u0107enog porodiljskog odsustva<\/strong><\/h3>\n

I<\/strong><\/span>stra\u017eivanja pokazuju da pla\u0107eno porodiljsko odsustvo donosi mnogobrojne zdravstvene i ekonomske prednosti, kao i da primoravanje roditelja da se ubrzo po dolasku bebe na svet vrate na posao uzima ozbiljan danak porodicama.<\/span><\/p>\n

Porodiljsko odsustvo koje \u017eene uzimaju pre i posle ro\u0111enja deteta pozitivno uti\u010de na majku i bebu. \u017dene koje nisu oti\u0161le na bolovanje pre poro\u0111aja imale su \u010detiri puta ve\u0107e \u0161anse da se porode carskim rezom u pore\u0111enju sa onima koje nisu radile, \u0161to tako\u0111e ukazuje na potencijalno mnogo ozbiljnije komplikacije tokom poro\u0111aja. Prekid rada u kasnijim fazama trudno\u0107e povezano je i sa ve\u0107im brojem prevremenih poro\u0111aja i ro\u0111enjem beba male telesne te\u017eine, \u0161to mo\u017ee da dovede do zdravstvenih problema deteta kasnije u \u017eivotu u rasponu od razvojnih poreme\u0107aja do sindroma iznenadne smrti odoj\u010deta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Veza izme\u0111u du\u017eeg porodiljskog odsustva i boljeg zdravstvenog stanja majke i deteta potkrepljena je brojnim nau\u010dnim dokazima. Du\u017ee porodiljsko odsustvo smanjuje u\u010destalost postporo\u0111ajne depresije i anksioznost kod porodilja za 5\u201310%. Tako\u0111e uo\u010deno je da su mlade majke koje su na porodiljskom odsustvu provele vi\u0161e od 12 nedelja bile pune elana i manje su se ose\u0107ale umorno, odnosno lak\u0161e su se nosile sa stresnim situacijama, \u0161to je sve ukupno pove\u0107alo njihovu produktivnost na radnom mestu po povratku sa bolovanja.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:<\/a>

Copyright: SvetlanaFedoseyeva<\/p><\/div>\n

Tokom porodiljskog odsustva, bliski kontakt sa majkom pozitivno se odra\u017eava na novoro\u0111en\u010de. Mame koje ostaju kod ku\u0107e sa bebom du\u017ee od \u0161est nedelja imaju \u010detiri puta ve\u0107e \u0161anse da uspostave i odr\u017ee rutinu dojenja. Veliki broj studija je potvrdilo univerzalnu prednost redovnog dojenja za novoro\u0111en\u010de. Dr\u017eanje bebe u naru\u010dju tokom dojenja je na\u010din na koji je priroda obezbedila ostvarivanje kontakta ko\u017ee na ko\u017eu, kao i interakciju izme\u0111u majke i bebe (pri\u010danje bebi, kontakt o\u010dima i ljulju\u0161kanje). Ova bliskost pru\u017ea bebi utehu i toplinu, a istovremeno stimuli\u0161e njeno \u010dulo dodira, vida, mirisa, sluha i ukusa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Maj\u010dino mleko ne samo da sadr\u017ei savr\u0161enu kombinaciju hranljivih sastojaka, vitamina i minerala koji su potrebni bebi ve\u0107 tako\u0111e obezbe\u0111uje nezamenljivu imunolo\u0161ku za\u0161titu deteta od mnogih oboljenja. Bebe koje su odrastale na formuli umesto na maj\u010dinom mleku imaju zna\u010dajno ve\u0107e \u0161anse da do\u017eive infekciju uha, ekcem, dijareju i povra\u0107anje, kao i da zavr\u0161e u bolnici usled infekcija ni\u017eeg respiratornog trakta. Kasnije u \u017eivotu, takva deca su tako\u0111e podlo\u017enija ozbiljnim zdravstvenim problemima opasnim po \u017eivot, uklju\u010duju\u0107i astmu, gojaznost, dijabetes tipa II i leukemiju. Istovremeno, dojenje je veoma zdravo i za majku. Dojenje novoro\u0111en\u010deta umanjuje rizik od pojave raka jajnika za 27%, odnosno raka dojke za 8%.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politika\u00a0porodiljskog odustva uspe\u0161nijih\u00a0kompanija<\/strong><\/h3>\n

O<\/strong><\/span>sim va\u017enosti za\u0161tite zdravlja roditelja i dece, podr\u0161ka novim porodicama promovi\u0161e pozitivne ekonomske promene. Tako novi roditelji mogu zna\u010dajno da rasterete porodi\u010dni bud\u017eet du\u017eim boravkom mame i tate kod ku\u0107e sa bebom. Dojenjem umesto kupovinom formule porodice mogu da u\u0161tede oko 2.000 dolara samo u prvoj godini po ro\u0111enju deteta. U Kaliforniji, jednoj od \u010detiri savezne dr\u017eave koja finansira pla\u0107eno porodiljsko odsustvo, 91% poslodavaca ka\u017ee da ne postoje dokazi da pla\u0107eno odsustvo unapre\u0111uje poslovanje, ali ne postoje dokazi ni da ga ugro\u017eava na bilo koji na\u010din. Bez pla\u0107enog porodiljskog odsustva 43% \u017eena sa decom dobrovoljno \u0107e dati otkaz, \u0161to vodi do manje produktivnosti i samim tim smanjenja profita za kompanije. Spre\u010davanjem \u017eena sa porodicama da napuste radno mesto, kompanije zadr\u017eavaju strukturu zaposlenih i ostvaruju ve\u0107i profit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Iz tog razloga mnoge velike i uspe\u0161ne kompanije preuzimaju politiku porodiljskog odsustva u svoje ruke, kako bi privukle i zadr\u017eale zaposlene. Tako mame zaposlene u Guglu dobijaju minimum 18 nedelja potpuno pla\u0107enog porodiljskog odsustva, dok tate imaju pravo na 12 nedelja pla\u0107enog odsustva kako bi porodica du\u017ee mogla da u\u017eiva u zajedni\u010dkim trenucima. Kao vid dodatne podr\u0161ke novih porodicama, Gugl tako\u0111e obezbe\u0111uje bonuse za roditelje u vrednosti od 500 dolara za kupovinu pelena, adaptiranog mleka i ostalih potrebnih stvari, kao i druge benefite poput prioritetnog upisa dece u izabrane vrti\u0107e. Sli\u010dno tome, Fejsbuk svojim radnicima ispla\u0107uje bonus od 4.000 dolara za svako ro\u0111eno ili usvojeno dete.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Copyright:<\/a>

Copyright: Katsiaryna Pakhomava<\/p><\/div>\n

Iako su mnogi od ovih naprednih stavova o porodiljskom odsustvu jo\u0161 uvek u povoju u Americi, postoji nada da \u0107e trend ve\u0107eg razumevanja va\u017enosti pru\u017eanja podr\u0161ke mladim roditeljima nastaviti da se \u0161iri i da \u0107e obuhvatiti porodice \u0161irom sveta.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Istra\u017eivanja pokazuju da pla\u0107eno porodiljsko odsustvo donosi mnogobrojne zdravstvene i ekonomske prednosti, kao i da primoravanje roditelja da se ubrzo do dolasku bebe na svet vrate na posao uzima ozbiljan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15927,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,10],"tags":[1209,257],"class_list":["post-15926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-posts","category-rana-podrska","tag-porodica","tag-roditeljstvo"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPla\u0107eno porodiljsko odsustvo \u2013 san roditelja u Americi - Novak Djokovic Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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