{"id":15498,"date":"2015-05-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-05-21T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/obrazovni-sistem-na-kubi-nema-nepismenih-svi-trce-u-skolu\/"},"modified":"2015-05-21T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2015-05-21T00:00:00","slug":"obrazovni-sistem-na-kubi-nema-nepismenih-svi-trce-u-skolu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/novakdjokovicfoundation.org\/sr\/obrazovni-sistem-na-kubi-nema-nepismenih-svi-trce-u-skolu\/","title":{"rendered":"Obrazovni sistem na Kubi \u2013 nema nepismenih, svi tr\u010de u \u0161kolu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110aci ne ponavljaju razrede, nema nediscipline, obroci su besplatni, 20 \u0111aka u u\u010dionici, \u010dasovi traju pola sata \u2013 neki su od detalja vezanih za obrazovni sistem na Kubi.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nemaju mnogo papira i nastavnog materijala. Nedostaje im i knjiga. Fizi\u010dko \u010desto moraju da dr\u017ee u parkovima i na trgovima ispred \u0161kola, jer nemaju sale. Ipak, na Kubi danas gotovo da nema nepismenih ljudi \u2013 od 11.241.291 stanovnika, samo je 0.2 odsto nepismeno<\/b>, i to su uglavnom stare osobe. Istovremeno, deca sa osmehom i velikim zadovoljstvom idu u \u0161kolu, ne be\u017ee sa \u010dasova, niti prave probleme dok su na \u010dasovima.<\/p>\n

Obrazovanje na Kubi je obavezno do zavr\u0161nog razreda srednje \u0161kole i besplatno je na svim nivoima, uklju\u010duju\u0107i i visoko obrazovanje. \u010cak 90 odsto \u0111aka nijednom nije ponavljalo godinu<\/b>. Kad je re\u010d o pred\u0161kolskom obrazovanju, tu su brojke jo\u0161 ubedljivije \u2013 98 odsto kubanske dece poha\u0111a vrti\u0107e i pred\u0161kolski program<\/b>! Kod nas je ta brojka znatno manja, na\u017ealost tek 48 odsto<\/a>,<\/strong><\/span> a zato smo i pokrenuli projekat \u201e\u0160kolice \u017eivota<\/b><\/a>\u201d<\/span>, kojim se trudimo da to promenimo i popravimo. Tek, upis dece u osnovne \u0161kole na Kubi je maksimalan, iznosi 100 odsto<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\"Editorial<\/a>

Editorial Credit: Tamara Kushch \/ Shutterstock.com<\/p><\/div>\n

Deca na Kubi obi\u010dno idu u vrti\u0107e od 3. do 6. godine.<\/strong> Tamo u\u010de o pravilnom vaspitanju i pona\u0161anju i mnogo \u010ditaju. Osnovno\u0161kolski program traje \u0161est godina (6\u201311). Slede\u0107i nivo je podeljen na dve grupe \u2013 osnovnu i naprednu (ne\u0161to poput na\u0161e gimnazije), a alternativa je srednja \u0161kola. Osnovni program traje tri godine (od 12. do 15. godine), kada deca dobijaju diplomu. Tada studenti mogu da biraju da li \u0107e da upi\u0161u preuniverzitetsko obrazovanje, takozvanu vi\u0161u \u0161kolu, ili tehni\u010dko, odnosno profesionalno usmerenje. Vi\u0161i srednji nivo je od 15. do 18. godine, na kraju \u010dega u\u010denici dobijaju Bachelor diplomu.<\/p>\n

U osnovnoj \u0161koli va\u017ei striktno pravilo o najvi\u0161e 25 u\u010denika u razredu, a u mnogima je ta brojka ispod 20<\/b>. U srednjim \u0161kolama se broj u\u010denika kre\u0107e oko 15 u\u010denika u razredu, \u0161to je idealan broj za svakog da nau\u010di gradivo, da ima vremena da porazgovara sa nastavnikom o onom \u0161to se u\u010di i da napreduje u pravoj meri.<\/p>\n

\u0160kole po\u010dinju da rade od pola sedam ujutro, kako bi roditelji koji rade imali gde da ostave decu, i otvorena je do 16.30 h. Pauza za odmor je od 12 do 14 \u010dasova. \u0160kola traje od ponedeljka do petka, a vikendom nema nastave, niti se sprovode \u201eradne subote\u201d. Svi su isto obu\u010deni, imaju uniforme koje su besplatne.<\/p>\n

Velikim uspehom obrazovnog sistema na ostrvu smatra se i posve\u0107enost deci sa smetnjama u razvoju<\/b> (sa fizi\u010dko-motori\u010dkim, mentalnim smetnjama itd). Postoji 13.600 predava\u010da koji rade u 425 specijalnih \u0161kola, koje su rasprostranjene po \u010ditavoj zemlji. Za bolesne mali\u0161ane ili decu ometenu u razvoju brinu se \u201emobilni u\u010ditelji\u201d.<\/p>\n

Uprkos dugogodi\u0161njoj blokadi, kubanske \u0161kole su opremljene kompjuterima, koji mo\u017eda nisu svuda najnovije generacije, ali i dalje odli\u010dno slu\u017ee svrsi. Pritom, u udaljenim \u0161kolama koje nemaju struje \u2013 instalirani su solarni paneli, koji omogu\u0107uju nesmetan rad tokom godine, bez obzira na uslove.<\/p>\n

Studentima koji poti\u010du iz udaljenih regija, dr\u017eava pokriva tro\u0161kove prevoza i ishrane. Na Kubi ima 2.000 \u0161kola sa 10 ili manje \u0111aka, zbog udaljenosti od gradova, u njima se organizuje grupna nastava, tako\u0111e sa izuzetnim rezultatima.<\/p>\n

Kuba ima i jedan od najvi\u0161ih procenata broja u\u010ditelja na broj stanovnika. To zna\u010di da ima jednog u\u010ditelja na 42 stanovnika, ili dva u\u010ditelja na 20 \u0111aka<\/b>. Vi\u0161e od 400.000 ljudi zaposleno je u sektoru obrazovanja.<\/p>\n

\"Editorial<\/a>

Editorial Credit: villorejo \/ Shutterstock.com<\/p><\/div>\n

Me\u0111u predmetima u osnovnoj \u0161koli nalaze se ples i ba\u0161tovanstvo, pa obrada drveta, metala, ru\u010dni rad, jer Kubanci smatraju da treba da postoji spoj izme\u0111u teorijskog i prakti\u010dnog znanja.<\/b> Tu su i predmeti o zdravlju i higijeni, i istorija revolucije. U rasporedu \u010dasova nalaze se matematika, \u0161panski\/knji\u017eevnosti, istorija, geografija, strani jezici, fizika, hemija, biologija, informatika, obrazovanje rada, fizi\u010dko, likovno, osnove marksizma, prirodne nauke, svet oko nas\u201d\u00a6<\/p>\n

Matematika i prirodne nauke su obi\u010dno stavljene me\u0111u prve \u010dasove u rasporedu, jer se procenjuje da deca ujutro lak\u0161e mogu da savladaju ovo te\u017ee gradivo<\/b>. \u010citanje, pisanje i \u201elak\u0161i\u201d predmeti su raspore\u0111eni za popodne. Posle zavr\u0161etka nastave, u\u010denici mogu da ostanu u \u0161koli jo\u0161 dva sata, kada u\u010destvuju u brojnim sekcijama: pi\u0161u scenario za pozori\u0161te, komponuju muziku i rade razne kreativne stvari.<\/p>\n

\u010casovi traju pola sata.<\/b> Najvi\u0161e pa\u017enje u rasporedu je posve\u0107eno \u0161panskom: \u010ditanju, pisanju, usmenom izra\u017eavanju, ali i matematici. Ta dva predmeta su zastupljena 57 odsto u rasporedu u odnosu na ostale predmete.<\/p>\n

Testovi su deo nastavnog programa, ali oni glavni se daju deci na kraju drugog i \u010detvrtog razreda. Ocene<\/b> su od slabe, prolazne, dobre, veoma dobre i odli\u010dne, i nisu izra\u017eene brojevima<\/b>. Na testovima se pokazuje teoretsko znanje, ali i prakti\u010dna primena tih znanja.<\/p>\n

Od dece se o\u010dekuje da jedni drugima poma\u017eu na \u010dasovima<\/b>, tako da niko u razredu ne zaostaje. Pritom, roditelji prate instrukcije nastavnika, kako bi njihovi mali\u0161ani nastavili sa obrazovnim i dru\u0161tvenim razvojem i kod ku\u0107e. U\u010denici mogu nastaviti \u0161kolovanje na srednjim \u0161kolama i posle toga na fakultetima, a mogu se odlu\u010diti i za \u0161kolovanje na strukovnim \u0161kolama, koje omogu\u0107avaju povezivanje rada i studija.<\/p>\n

Nedisciplina na \u010dasovima je jako mala i retka.<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Editorial<\/a>

Editorial Credit: Dmitry Matrosov \/ Shutterstock.com<\/p><\/div>\n

Deca u osnovnim \u0161kolama na Kubi dobijaju besplatne obroke. Obroci se uglavnom sastoje od ri\u017ee, pasulja, drugih izvora proteina, kao \u0161to su tvrdo kuvana jaja<\/b>. Na meniju je povr\u0107e, kri\u0161ke paradajza, sutlija\u0161 se slu\u017ei za desert. Mnogi roditelji smatraju da ovo nije dovoljno, pa decu \u0161alju u \u0161kolu sa dodatnim komadom vo\u0107a ili povr\u0107a, par\u010detom ribe ili piletine.<\/p>\n

Kuba svake godine tro\u0161i na obrazovanje skoro 7% bruto doma\u0107eg proizvoda i nastoji da obrazovni sistem svojom jednako\u0161\u0107u, pravedno\u0161\u0107u, samopo\u0161tovanjem i moralnim i dru\u0161tvenim potrebama gra\u0111ana odgovara dru\u0161tvenom modelu koji je narod stvorio.<\/p>\n

Poslednjih godina ustanovljena je upotreba televizijskih i video programa kao sredstava sa velikim uticajem na osnovno i srednje obrazovanje. Na Kubi postoje dva kanala obrazovnog karaktera <\/b>\u201e<\/b>Canal Educativo 1 i 2\u201d, koji dnevno prenose vi\u0161e od 12 sati programa<\/b>, od kojeg je ve\u0107ina obrazovnog i didakti\u010dkog.<\/p>\n

Na Kubi imaju jednog univerzitetski obrazovanog gra\u0111anina na svakih 10 stanovnika, a ove godine \u0107e se verovatno dosti\u0107i broj od milion diplomaca na vi\u0161e od 60 univerziteta u zemlji.<\/p>\n

[divider]<\/p>\n

\u0160ta mislite o obrazovnom sistemu na Kubi? Koliko se razlikuje od onog \u0161to imamo u Srbiji?<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110aci ne ponavljaju razrede, nema nediscipline, obroci su besplatni, 20 \u0111aka u u\u010dionici, \u010dasovi traju pola sata \u2013 neki su od detalja vezanih za obrazovni sistem na Kubi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1122],"tags":[254,475,1235],"class_list":["post-15498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rano-ucenje","tag-deca","tag-edukacija","tag-obrazovni-sistem-na-kubi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nObrazovni sistem na Kubi \u2013 nema nepismenih, svi tr\u010de u \u0161kolu - Novak Djokovic Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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